Flight 317

Ian Gault asked:


The language for all aviators and air traffic control officers (ATCOs) who wish to operate internationally is English. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has produced a creditable and expansive manual, which details future English-language communication requirements for aircraft operators. Those requirements come into effect on 5 March 2008.

The ICAO document, which details the English-language proficiency requirements is, to all intents and purposes, a Statement of Requirement. Training providers Worldwide, and the aviation industry as a whole, therefore need to adapt to meet the demand and the challenge faced by all concerned. The requirement is to raise standards in aviation communications globally, commonly referred to as Aviation English. However, there needs to be greater understanding that the term ‘Aviation English’ covers a considerably wider field of knowledge and expertise than many currently appreciate. The following is designed to provide some indication as to the degrees of enormity and complexity that the industry faces in contributing to, and in meeting the task of imposing safe English-language communication skills among aircraft operators World-wide.

Pilots and ATCOs are at the front line of aircraft operations. The extent of the training that these personnel have to endure to achieve full operational status is enormous. Training can extend to periods of up to 2 years in the case of pilots and tends to comprise one long, uninterrupted process. In the case of ATCOs, however, because of the different specialisations involved in that function and their varying degrees of complexity, training tends to be conducted in phases, as controllers’ progress through their individual career paths and gain experience in the different specialisations open to them. In both cases, training is ongoing, not only because of the degree of knowledge required, due to ever-changing working locations, but also because of the continual updating of the equipment in use, ongoing revisions to the rules and regulations, and also frequent changes in the air traffic operating environment.

Following a rigorous selection process, whereby only very small percentages of individuals actually have the aptitude to be successful pilots or ATCOs, there begins a learning process that is extensive in respect of the degree of fundamental knowledge required by aircraft operators in a wide range of fields. In addition to the many practical skills required to perform their respective roles, pilots and ATCOs require extensive knowledge of the following: meteorology; physics; geography; navigation; maps and charts; theory of flight; mechanics; aircraft construction; airframes and engines; electrics, electronics and avionics; instrumentation; hydraulics; rules of the air; aviation rules and regulations, both in the air and on the ground; and air traffic control regulations. Aircraft operators are also required to have a precise and unambiguous knowledge and understanding of the following: a vast range of aviation-related definitions, some straight-forward, others quite complex; a wide range of very precise and unambiguous phraseology, to cover all routine and non-routine situations; a plethora of aviation-specific abbreviations; and a vast array of aviation-related vocabulary, which most native speakers of English seldom use in everyday life. In addition, all aircraft operators require an appreciation of medicine, biology, and human performance limitations. Furthermore, all concerned with aircraft operations are required to undergo daily briefings, both oral and written, and have to read and fully understand numerous daily and periodical publications: for example, Flight Information Publications, which provide essential information and warnings related to flight safety, and Notices to Airmen, which provide information concerning daily changes within the aviation environment. Comprehending these documents would prove a significant challenge to any aircraft operator who is not a native speaker of English. In addition to speaking and listening skills in English, therefore, reading comprehension is a skill that should also be given emphasis in any Aviation English training syllabus.

To become a successful pilot or ATCO, one requires a very high degree of a particular type of aptitude, coupled with a supreme mental agility of many different kinds. However, it is important to note that the aptitude required to be a successful pilot, is very different to that required to be an effective and competent ATCO. Nevertheless, both professions require individuals to have the ability to be extremely calm under pressure, to multi-task both mentally and physically, and to assimilate information quickly and effectively and to act upon it correctly and decisively. At the end of their rigorous and lengthy process of training, and when they have achieved full operational status, these individuals possess a wealth of knowledge and have well-honed and acute mental and physical skills. However, even fully-trained and experienced, pilots and ATCOs are continually operating at the extremes of effective human capability, whereby everyday, decisions they make as individuals can, in many cases, mean the difference between life and death for others. Therefore, at any stage within this ongoing process of professional development, to expect an aircraft operator to repeat the entire very demanding and complex training process in a second language, is a daunting prospect. Indeed, it is hard to assimilate the degree of difficulty involved, because, yet another factor comes into play: that of an individual’s degree of aptitude as a linguist.

When assessing the operational and international requirement within the aviation community for precise and accurate communications in English, both in the air and on the ground, there are several factors to be considered: the vast array of different communications and means of communication in use; the skills necessary to communicate effectively, by which ever means; and the difficulties faced by non-native speakers of English, who require to perfect those communication skills, with all their inherent complexities, in a second language. Those concerned face an extremely difficult and daunting task.

Roger Green asked:


Aviator Sunglasses are becoming ever so popular with the younger vibrant people. Young adults love the 70s appeal they can get from wearing aviator style sunglasses. Growing up in the 80s, Top Gun, Tom Cruise, and Aviator Sunglasses was the big hype, but aviator sunglasses were actually brought about in the late 1930s. Aviator Sunglasses are worn by men and women. Men typically wear Police Aviator Sunglasses, Polarized Aviator Sunglasses, and Latest Trend Sunglasses while women like Celebrity Aviator Sunglasses and Latest Trend Aviator Sunglasses. Aviator Sunglasses are popular with law enforcement, pilots and are very popular with men in the military. Aviator Sunglasses are made to be light and sturdy. Aviator Sunglasses come with the recognizable oval polycarbonate lenses made in various colors. Polycarbonate lenses that are made of plastic make for a much lighter pair of sunglasses, which enables you to wear sunglasses for a longer period of time without feeling uncomfortable. The silver mirrored police lens is one of the more popular colors, with the gun colored lens following right behind. Others colors offered in Aviator Style Sunglasses are charcoal, brown, blue/gray and smoke colored lenses. Lenses are usually UV 400 maximum protection to protect your eyes from UVA & UVB rays. Most Aviator Style Sunglasses have nickel frames and spring temples, but Aviator Sunglasses can also be found with high

quality poly frames in different colors. Poly frames make for really light sunglasses.

Aviator Sunglasses were made to completely cover all areas of your eyes shielding your eyes from UV rays and/or protecting your eyes from wind and debris. Although Aviator Sunglasses have a practical reason for wearing they are more chosen as many people’s choices because of the fashion statement they make. Wearing Aviator Sunglasses makes you feel like somebody. These sunglasses give off a vibe that you may have a little bit of a dangerous side to you and give you a very intriguing look. Be sure to check them out at Superflysunglasses.com!

Seo-fser asked:


All attorneys need an extremely complicated set of skills in order to be successful and victorious; however, an aviation attorney needs all the skills of any other lawyer plus a very unique history of work and educational experience. Aviation lawyers not only need to be well versed in the typical legal techniques and linguistics, but must also be able to apply that knowledge to the complicated field of aviation law. Therefore, a working knowledge of both private and commercial aviation is required. This necessitates either a strong educational background in commercial flight or direct experience in the flight industry.

Aviation law deals with the legal ramification of commercial, private, and cargo flight accidents, litigation, and assessing and assigning liability where appropriate. While this sounds like an easy enough process, it is far from easy and can be difficult and contentious. Take for example a commercial aircraft that skids off of the runway during takeoff. The airplane in question may have skidded off of the runway because of a mechanical failure - the brakes, wheels, or landing gear did not function properly in which case the manufacturer, the maintenance team, or the airline company may be held liable. If the weather were bad, then the airport authority or the flight tower operator may be held accountable for operating the plane in unsafe circumstances. Finally, the plane may have skidded off of the runway because the pilot or flight team made a mistake in which case the pilot could be held directly accountable.

In order to sift through all of these possibilities for even a simple accident where there is little damage or no injury takes an incredible amount of patience, commitment, and specific knowledge of aviation terminology, physics, and procedural experience. An aviation attorney has usually had some past experience with flight and could have been a commercial pilot in the past. Several lawyers are still currently licensed pilots and fly private planes in their free time. This experience helps a successful lawyer sort through the minutia of the data quickly and efficiently thereby assigning fault and liability more accurately.

Of course not all aviation lawyers were commercial pilots or have a private piloting license. Lawyers that do not have direct piloting experience must find an alternative way to gain the required knowledge that years of experience can earn them. This alternative way is usually through education. Many aviation attorneys, in addition to a law degree which all lawyers have to have, have an additional advanced degree in a field related to flight. These degrees could be in the field of aeronautical engineering, flight design, or flight dynamics. All of these fields help to prepare an individual for the complicated terminology used when trying to sort out an aviation accident.

Aviation law is a complicated legal field. A successful aviation attorney has be well versed in the complex and intricate processes that happen thousands of time a day across the nation at local airports in order to quickly and effectively assign liability where appropriate. In order to do these a lawyer must not only understand the legal aspects of the situation, but the aeronautical aspects of it as well. He or she can do this by either having direct experience as a pilot or through additional education I a related field.

Catherine Harvey asked:


Air travel has become an everyday occurrence and air travel is rarely thought of as a risk. That said, latest figures suggest that, on average, one thousand people per year die worldwide through aviation disasters. Add to this the one and a half thousand people that die in light aircraft, business jets and helicopters and the risk is propelled into the arena a little more forcefully. Of course, this does have to be balanced in some proportion to the fact that hundreds of flights with thousands of passengers take place every single day of the year.

Although just about everyone travelling with an airline will have taken out some sort of insurance, in the event of an accident or incident, they or their families are still entitled to claim compensation also. In nearly all cases the compensation secured will amount to considerably more than the insurance pay out, particularly if it is secured by a specialist aviation lawyer that has in depth knowledge of the international laws surrounding air disasters.

General injury lawyers can, in no way, possess the ability to deal with such complex issues such as air disasters. There is an international framework of laws specific to aviation accidents and they become very complex when you consider how many aspects there are to deal with from piloting to navigation from maintenance to manufacturing and design.

When an accident or major incidence occurs in the UK, the Air Accident Investigation Branch, who are part of the Department of Transport, will investigate in order to determine exactly what happened. This is not for the purpose of apportioning blame but to ensure that safety is improved upon to prevent repeat occurrences. The AAIB have the power to make safety recommendations as they see fit and adhering to this is bound to carry insurance implications for future flights.

Aviation insurance is a multifaceted business and totally different to every other type of insurance. Most aviation insurance is held with insurers in London and large aircraft manufacturers will take out around $2 billion cover to insure against each accident. These insurers will appoint specialist aviation defence lawyers to represent their clients and protect their income.

That said, how could your average injury lawyer possible take on companies that have the latest inside knowledge on aviation laws as well as foreign laws? How could they possibly have the right contacts to deal with air disasters and to secure the best compensation for their victims and their families when up against this sort of knowledge?

That is why the best plan for compensation claims from air disasters is an aviation lawyer. These lawyers are adept and dealing with these types of cases only and therefore can apply everything they know to the case in question. Aviation lawyers will often be instructed to act on behalf of all the passengers and passenger’s families that are affected by an individual plane crash.

A single individual barely stands a chance of gaining compensation from the global companies involved in aviation without the assistance of an aviation lawyer. There are often language barriers to overcome as well as understanding foreign laws if the accident occurred overseas and also the understanding of the way aviation insurance, insurers and their lawyers operate.

With an aviation lawyer the case will still be complex and often drawn out but the end result will be that something positive came out of something terrible. Compensation will have been gained for those entitled and measures will be put in place to prevent a repeat of the accident.

Janice Ticar asked:


Los Angeles International Airport is considered as the fifth busiest commercial airport in the world and third busiest in the United States. Every year the airport handles over 80 million and 5 tons of cargo.

Generally, people in Los Angeles considered aircraft as one of the safest form of transportation. Relatively aircrafts accidents are frequent especially those involving private jet but the incident is often unreported.

According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), air travel is expected to double its number for the next 20 years. As air traffic increases so as the accident connected with it.

Aviation accident often ends with fatal results. Major air carrier and general aviation accidents are covered by the aviation accident law. The General aviation includes all non-commercial aircraft including small plans, large business jet, charter flights, pleasure crafts, helicopters and hang gliders.

Form of Aviation accident

Aviation accidents cause fatal injuries as a result of falling baggage, assaults and other related incident.

The following forms of accidents may result to injury or death among passenger and crew:

•    Engine Failure

•    Collision and crashes

•    Faulty communication

•    Traffic control error

•    Pilot negligence

•    Falling baggage

•    Runway condition

Aviation Accidents Liable parties

Determining the person who is liable during the plane accident needs the skills and logical experience of an Aviation Accident lawyer.

The federal government may held responsible for the faulty error occur during the accident since it is there responsibility to ensure safety measures to be taken during each flight.

Aircraft are considered common carrier meaning they have the responsibility to transport people from one place to another. Negligence on the part of owner and operator will be punishable by law. The manufacturer and maintenance suppliers will also be held liable, if the equipment used by the aircraft is faulty and causes the accident.

Who is more liable the owner or operator?

The cause of airplane accident will determine the liable person. If the aircraft owner and operator negligence has been proven, they can be held reliable for the damages suffered by injured parties such as passengers, people on the ground or even pilot.

The owner could be held reliable even if someone else operated the aircraft. The theory called vicarious liability supported the notion of considering the owner as reliable as its operator.

Both the owner/operator is reliable in an event that the owner, operator and the manufacturer committed the aircraft accident; the jury will decide the distribution of the blame between the two parties. The notion that both operator/owner and manufacturer are reliable is called comparative fault.

In United States, almost all states used the comparative fault or the distribution of blame between the two parties. For example, the pilot may be given a 20 percent fault for carelessness and 80 percent fault for the manufacturer of defective landing equipment.

The manufacturer is reliable if the victim can prove that the landing gear purchase from a manufacturer is the main cause of aircraft accident, the manufacturer can be held reliable.

The notion of holding the manufacturer as the reliable party is called strict liability. Every state has its own version or law regarding it.

Federal government is reliable

FAA under Federal government controls air traffic through Air Traffic Control System (ATC). The ATC will be held accountable, if an aircraft accident involves collision.

Common Carriers Role

Common carrier is the legal classification of commercial airlines. It is governed by strict standards compare to private carriers. FAA imposes standards operating procedure and monitors the aircraft to ensure safety of the commercial airplanes

If common carriers committed mistakes implementing the safety standards, they can be held responsible.

Victims of Aviation accident need a thorough understanding of the complex rules and regulation of the common carriers in finding liability.

The Role of Lawyers in Aviation Accidents

Aviation accident cases involve several issues that could affect the litigation outcome. Personal injuries cases connected to airplanes base its verdict by the defendant’s statements, questions of the venue, aviation engineering, industry standards and federal government rules and regulation. It is complex and often involves analysis of the federal and state law.

You need the help of an experienced aviation accident attorney to facilitate all this complicating issues. Having an attorney is an advantage in pursuing aviation accident case.

Our Aviation Accident Lawyers in Los Angeles are highly trained in handling personal injury claims. For more details on how to avail of our free case evaluation services, just log on to our website.

Zip Aviation asked:


Zip Aviation has taken delivery of its first Bell Helicopter 206L Long Ranger and plans to use the helicopter for charter service from

Manhattan’s West 30th Street Heliport. This will be the first time for a Bell helicopter to

be flown from the 30th St. Heliport.

Itai Shoshani, owner of Zip Aviation stated, “We are very excited about the opportunities

of operating out of this heliport and know we have the right product for the market. Each206L has a great cabin area, smooth ride and excellent visibility. This Bell helicopterallows realization of what I envision for my company; an All American state-of-the-art

product.”

“The 206L, like all Bell products, is a very dependable helicopter and on that is well

suited for this type of operations. Our customer’s know they can count on the 206 to

perform flight after flight”, said Bob Fitzpatrick, Senior Vice President for Marketing and

Sales at Bell.

Zip Aviation has been operating in the New York area for 15 years and has built a

reputation as the premier charter company, specializing in discreet charter service and

aerial photography. “Many of our clients are celebrities, the rest are just treated like

one”, Shoshani added.

Zip Aviation has two more 206L’s on order and plans to use them in a similar manner.

For more information please contact Zip Aviation at 1.866.ZIPOVER (947.6837) or at

www.zipover.com .

Chris Narfundle asked:


General aviation encompasses charter flights, bush flights, gliding, police, fire and emergency ambulance services, as well as any unscheduled flights with commercial airlines. In most countries, business jets and cargo jets are under the same regulations as most regularly scheduled commercial flights. Bush flying and air ambulances, charter flights and gliders have lower expectations and guidelines. They use smaller, often private, airports, and are subject to less government regulation.

Three quarters of all the planes that take off and land in the U.S. are general aviation planes. The National Air Transportation Committee says that general aviation pumped about $100 billion into the nation’s economy last year alone.

In recent years, security on general aviation flights has become increasingly important. However, the TSA (Transportation Security Administration) is busy checking people’s bags so they can load a commercial flight, and has little time for making monitoring the general aviation facilities. Therefore, generally speaking, small airport operators shoulder the bulk of the security burden for general aviation.

Still, there are lots of good reasons to use general aviation. Skipping the commercially scheduled flights and snagging a chartered jet or private plane to your nearest vacation spot can be a tempting proposition, especially in these days of higher prices and increased regulation on commercial flights.

For starters, if you rent a charter plane or have a personal plane, you are in control of and are responsible for, your own flight. You won’t run into a pilot canceling a flight or flight attendants at the end of their patience. Generally speaking, you’ll also have the pick of the seats in the plane, and there isn’t a bad view if they’re all window seats.

With general aviation flights, you are free from the “3 ounce restriction” on personal care products that the TSA has for commercial airlines. What’s more, many airlines are now charging for each bag, as well as charging an additional fee for a window seat or an aisle seat. These are non-issues with general aviation.

Besides being in control of your own flight, you set the schedule for your arrival and return. With airlines cutting capacity and sending flights to fewer and fewer destinations, you spend more time in the airport waiting for flights. With general aviation, you can leave after morning rush hour traffic if you’d like, or you can leave before anyone else is up. And, you’re not bound to an airline with a non-refundable ticket when they randomly choose to cancel or postpone a flight.

With small, general aviation airports all over the world, you don’t have to settle for landing at the nearest “big city.” A general aviation plane can land at any of the thousands of smaller airports. This could mean leaving from a spot closer to home, and will almost surely mean arriving at a spot closer to your destination.

Zip Aviation asked:


Zip Aviation has taken delivery of its first Bell Helicopter 206L Long Ranger and plans

to use the helicopter for charter service from Manhattan’s West 30th Street

Heliport. This will be the first time for a Bell helicopter to be flown from the 30th St.

Heliport.

Itai Shoshani, owner of Zip Aviation stated, “We are very excited about the

opportunities of operating out of this heliport and know we have the right product for

the market. Each 206L has a great cabin area, smooth ride and excellent visibility.

This Bell helicopter allows realization of what I envision for my company; an All

American state-of-the-art product.”

“The 206L, like all Bell products, is a very dependable helicopter and on that is well suited for this type of operations. Our

customer’s know they can count on the 206 to perform flight after flight”, said Bob Fitzpatrick, Senior Vice President for

Marketing and Sales at Bell.

Zip Aviation has been operating in the New York area for 15 years and has built a reputation as the premier charter company,

specializing in discreet charter service and aerial photography. “Many of our clients are celebrities, the rest are just treated like

one”, Shoshani added.

Zip Aviation has two more 206L’s on order and plans to use them in a similar manner.

For more information please contact Zip Aviation at 1.866.ZIPOVER (947.6837) or at www.zipover.com

Mary Jean Kuda asked:


Air travel is considered the safest mode of transportation. However, when aviation accident occurs, it often results to fatalities of most, if not all, of the passengers.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) declares that air travel is expected to rise over the next 20 years. With the increase in air traffic, the risk of aviation accidents also increases.

What is an aviation accident then?

An aviation accident is defined as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft in which a person dies or seriously injured or the aircraft sustains damage or structural defects or the aircraft is lost or cannot be located.

Over the years, aviation accidents have claimed the lives of thousands of people. Those who have lost a loved one in this kind of accident know how painful and unforgetful the tragedy is. Apart from having to console one another, the family left by the deceased is faced with so many challenges including legal queries.

Clearly, someone has to pay! Someone must have been negligent and should be held responsible. However, knowing this is not enough. Someone must get you started. This is where the work of an aviation acciddent attorney begins.

Aviation accident attorneys are those who specialize in legal aspects of aviation tragedies and accidents. They determine what liabilities do the operators of the aircraft have.

Aviation law is a very intricate and complex area of law. Therefore, it is but important to find the best aviation accident attorney there is.

A plane crash is one of the most horrible kind of accidents. Whether the crash involves a commercial or a non-commercial plane, hiring the services of an experienced attorney who symphatizes with you and knows how to successfully pursue an aviation accident claim can make a great deal of difference in the lives of everyone involved.

Equally challenging is initiating a private plane crash lawsuits. These types of legal action are complex. Unlike commercial planes, private aircrafts do not have “black boxes”. Moreover, the rules, regulation and enforcement of maintenance and certification process are not as thorough as that of private aircraft.

Another horrific aviation accident is a helicopter crash. In fact, it occurs more frequently than airplane crash. Further, helicopter can be expected to crash 90 times more than airplanes do. Although helicopter crashes do not often result to fatalities, its outcome results to deadly consequences.

Aviation accidents can be the result of any of following factors,

• Pilot error

• Runway flaws

• Mechanical failure, including engine and other component trouble

• Lack or improper maintenance

• Defiance of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rules and regulations

• Faulty structural design

• Federal Air Traffic controller error

In every aviation accident, whether it is a plane or helicopter crash, it is always wise to consult the best and experienced lawyer in aviation law. Experienced means they have handled and successfully pursued an aviation claim. This is to make sure that your case is being handled by a professional who can settle the best deal for you.

For a comprehensive legal advice on how to handle your aviation accident misfortune, visit our Los Angeles attorneys’ website and avail our free case evaluation services.